Precision Level Measurement & Control Solutions
At Clipper Controls, we offer a comprehensive range of precision level measurement and control solutions designed to meet the demanding needs of industrial processes. Whether you're working with liquids, solids, or interfaces, our technologies deliver accurate, reliable performance in a wide variety of environments. From continuous and point level measurement to advanced interface detection, we provide the instrumentation and expertise to help you maintain safety, improve efficiency, and ensure process consistency. Explore our range of level measurement and control instrumentation below:
Continuous Level Measurement
Continuous level measurement involves the real-time monitoring of material levels within a tank, silo, or vessel, delivering uninterrupted data about the height or volume of a substance. Unlike point level detection, which signals when a level reaches a specific point, continuous level systems provide a full range of measurement from empty to full. This allows operators to make informed decisions about inventory management, process control, and safety.
Continuous level instruments can be applied to both liquids and solids, including challenging materials such as slurries, powders, or corrosive chemicals. Their ability to provide precise level data in real time enables efficient operations, reduces downtime, and improves safety by preventing overfills, shortages, or equipment damage.
Radar Level
Ultrasonic Level
Application: Ultrasonic level sensors use high-frequency sound waves for non-contact level measurement in tanks, bins, and open channels. Reliable for liquids and solids in clean, stable environments.
Bubbler Level
Application: Bubbler systems measure liquid level by monitoring the back pressure of gas released through a dip tube. Commonly used in open or remote tanks, especially in corrosive or hazardous applications.
Pressure Level
Application: Pressure level devices calculate level by measuring the hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of a tank or vessel. Suitable for pressurized or open systems, and compatible with many liquid types.
Capacitance Level
Application: Capacitance probes detect level by measuring changes in electrical capacitance between the sensor and tank wall. Effective for both liquid and bulk solids, especially where space is limited.
Vision Level
Application: Vision-based systems provide level detection using optical cameras or sensors. Used in specialty applications requiring visual confirmation or analysis of level and interface layers.
Plumb Bob Level
Application: Plumb bob systems measure level by lowering a weight to the surface of the material. Designed for dusty bulk solids or granular materials in tall silos and hoppers.
Magnetic Level
Application: Magnetic level indicators (MLIs) provide visual and/or remote level indication using a float with magnetic coupling. Ideal for high-pressure or hazardous liquid applications.
Point Level Measurement
Point level measurement is used to detect when a material in a tank or vessel reaches a specific level—either high, low, or at a predetermined setpoint. Unlike continuous level systems that monitor the entire level range, point level devices act more like switches, triggering alerts or actions when a particular threshold is crossed. They play a vital role in overflow protection, pump control, and process safety.
These instruments are commonly used in applications where it is sufficient to know whether material is present at a specific point, rather than needing a full level profile. Point level technologies include vibration forks and rods, capacitance switches, float switches, ultrasonic gap sensors, thermal devices, and mechanical displacers. Each offers advantages depending on the material type, tank design, and operating environment.
Point level devices are especially useful in high- or low-level alarms, backup safety systems, and fail-safe shutoffs. They are applied in industries such as water treatment, food and beverage, mining, and petrochemicals. Their simplicity, durability, and reliability make them an essential part of level control strategies where quick, decisive action is required.
Mechanical Float Level
Application: These devices use a tethered float to mechanically actuate a switch or indicator. They are rugged, economical solutions for basic on/off or visual level control.
Mechanical Displacer Level
Application: Displacer sensors measure level by detecting buoyant force on a submerged displacer element. Effective in high-pressure and high-temperature environments.
Ultrasonic Gap Level
Application: These sensors detect level at a fixed point by transmitting ultrasonic energy across a narrow gap. Ideal for small tanks, pipe systems, and hygienic applications.
Vibration Fork Level
Application: Tuning fork sensors vibrate at a set frequency and detect level when immersed in material. Common in fail-safe point level detection for liquids or fine solids.
Vibration Rod Level
Application: Like vibration forks, these sensors vibrate and detect level upon dampening. Suitable for point level detection in powders and bulk solids, especially in silos.
Thermal Level
Application: Thermal devices sense level by detecting temperature differences along a heated probe. Often used in sanitary or small-vessel applications with low dielectric materials.
Capacitance Level
Application: Capacitance probes detect level by measuring changes in electrical capacitance between the sensor and tank wall. Effective for both liquid and bulk solids, especially where space is limited.
Rotating Paddle Level
Application: Rotating paddle level sensors are employed for point level detection in dry bulk solids across various industries. They are effective in monitoring materials such as grains, powders, and granules within storage silos, hoppers, and bins. The sensors are actuated when the rotating paddle encounters material resistance, signaling a change in level.
Liquid-Liquid Interface Level Measurement
Liquid-liquid interface level measurement is essential in applications where two immiscible liquids — such as oil and water — are present in the same vessel or tank. Accurately identifying and monitoring the boundary between these two layers helps optimize separation processes, prevent contamination, and ensure product quality. Liquid-liquid interface measurement is widely used in industries such as oil & gas, chemical processing, food & beverage, and wastewater treatment.
Guided Wave Radar Level
Application: GWR instruments transmit microwave pulses along a probe to detect level. Known for high accuracy in challenging conditions, including foam, vapor, or varying dielectric media.
Liquid-Solid Interface Level Measurement
Liquid-solid interface level measurement focuses on identifying the boundary between a liquid and a settled or suspended solid, such as slurry or sediment. This type of measurement is critical for managing processes in clarifiers, thickeners, decanters, and settling tanks, where knowing the sludge level or bed depth is key to maintaining operational efficiency and system performance. Applications include mining, water and wastewater treatment, and pulp and paper processing.
Plumb Bob Level
Application: Plumb bob systems measure level by lowering a weight to the surface of the material. Designed for dusty bulk solids or granular materials in tall silos and hoppers.
Infrared Attenuation Level
Application: Sonar systems use acoustic waves to detect level in bulk solids, slurries, or liquids. Ideal for deep, dusty, or turbulent environments where other sensors may struggle.
Level Technology Comparison Table
| Technology | Contact / Non-Contact | Best Suited For | Advantages | Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radar | Non-Contact | Liquids, Solids, Vapors, Harsh Environments | Highly accurate, works in vapor/foam | May require calibration |
| Ultrasonic | Non-Contact | Liquids, Simple Solids, Open Channels | Cost-effective, easy setup | Affected by vapor, temperature, and turbulence |
| Bubbler | Contact | Liquids with High Contamination or Viscosity | Simple and reliable, no moving parts | Requires air supply, slow response time |
| Hydrostatic Pressure | Contact | Liquids in Ventilated Tanks, Wells | Low cost, good for deep tanks | Affected by temperature/density changes |
| Capacitance | Contact | Liquids or Solids (Conductive/Non-Conductive) | Versatile, compact, no moving parts | May need calibration for media type |
| Float | Contact | Basic Water and Utility Applications | Mechanical simplicity, low cost | Limited accuracy, mechanical wear |
| Plumb Bob | Contact | Bulk Solids, Powders, Tall Silos | Ideal for dusty/dirty solids | Slow measurement cycle |
| Guided Wave Radar | Contact | Interfaces, High Temp/Pressure Liquids | Excellent for challenging fluids & interfaces | Requires clean probe area, dielectric dependency |
| Vision-Based | Non-Contact | Visual Level, Foam Detection, Stratified Layers | Real-time imaging, intuitive verification | Requires line-of-sight, cleaning system |
| Vibration Fork/Rod | Contact | Point Level for Powders or Liquids | Reliable point level, unaffected by dust/foam | Not for continuous measurement |
| Thermal Dispersion | Contact | Liquid Interfaces, High/Low Point Detection | Works in extreme temperatures and viscosity | Limited to clean or homogenous media |
| Mechanical Displacer | Contact | Liquids and Interfaces in High Pressure/Temperature Vessels | Simple design, high-temperature/pressure capability | Mechanical wear, not suitable for fast-changing levels |
| Ultrasonic Gap | Contact | Point level detection in clean liquids | No moving parts, reliable in sanitary applications | Not suitable for solids or dirty fluids |
| Rotating Paddle | Contact | Bulk solids like grain, cement, plastic pellets | Cost-effective, easy to install and maintain | Not suitable for liquids, mechanical parts may wear |
| Infrared Attenuation | Non-Contact | Foam detection, interface monitoring | Non-intrusive, visual and level data combined | Requires clear optical path, may need cleaning |
Level Measurement & Control Product Applications
Water & Wastewater Treatment
Water and wastewater treatment facilities rely heavily on accurate level measurement and control to manage tank levels, prevent overflows, and ensure consistent process flow through various treatment stages. Applications range from open channel flow monitoring and lift station control to sludge blanket detection and chemical dosing. Unique challenges in this industry include exposure to high humidity, foam, corrosive chemicals, variable tank geometry, and suspended solids—conditions that require robust and often non-contact solutions. Additionally, proper instrumentation plays a critical role in compliance with environmental regulations and in optimizing energy and chemical usage throughout the treatment cycle.
Recommended Level Products for Water & Wastewater Treatment
UWT NivoRadar® NR 3000
The NivoRadar NR 3000 is a non-contact radar level transmitter ideal for continuous level measurement in open or closed water tanks, clarifiers, and stormwater basins. It provides precise readings regardless of vapor, foam, or temperature fluctuations common in wastewater environments.
SOR 715 Pressure Transmitter
Designed for rugged applications, this submersible pressure transmitter offers accurate hydrostatic level measurement in lift stations, wells, and wet wells. Its corrosion-resistant materials and compact design make it highly suitable for submerged wastewater conditions.
In-Situ Level TROLL 500
This highly reliable data logger provides continuous water level, pressure, and temperature monitoring in groundwater wells, surface water bodies, or treatment lagoons. With long battery life and data logging capability, it's especially useful in remote or regulatory-monitoring applications.
J.M. Canty Slurry Vision System
Used for interface and foam level detection, the Canty Slurry Vision system offers optical clarity in separating sludge from supernatant during the treatment process. It is particularly effective in primary and secondary clarifiers and can eliminate guesswork in sludge blanket control.
UWT NivoBob® NB 3300
An electromechanical plumb bob level sensor, ideal for sludge tanks and holding basins containing solids or slurry. It’s well-suited for applications where ultrasonic or radar devices may struggle with buildup or extreme foam.
SOR 1100 Series Magnetic Level Indicator (MLI)
Perfect for visually monitoring liquid levels in high-pressure or hazardous chemical tanks used for disinfection or pH control. The indicator can be paired with transmitters or switches for added process automation.
In-Situ Aqua TROLL 500
This multiparameter instrument integrates level measurement with water quality monitoring—ideal for tracking the performance of lagoons, aeration basins, or effluent discharge. It supports real-time telemetry and data logging.
J.M. Canty Light Scrubber / Wash System for Sight Glasses
Maintains visual clarity on level viewing ports and camera-based systems in dirty or sludge-laden environments. This accessory enhances the performance of Canty visual measurement systems in wastewater plants.
Fuel & Chemical Storage Tanks
Fuel and chemical storage tanks require highly reliable and accurate level measurement to manage inventory, ensure safe storage, and comply with strict regulatory standards. These applications involve hazardous, pressurized, or volatile substances such as diesel, ethanol, ammonia, and acids, often stored in atmospheric or pressurized vessels. Measurement challenges include vapor layers, corrosive materials, stratified interfaces, and extreme temperatures or pressures. Instrumentation in these environments must be both durable and precise, with the ability to provide continuous monitoring, overfill protection, leak detection, and integration into safety systems.
Recommended Level Products for Fuel & Chemical Storage Tanks
SOR 1100 Series Magnetic Level Indicator (MLI)
This robust visual level indication system is ideal for high-pressure and hazardous chemical storage applications. Often used in conjunction with transmitters and limit switches, the MLI provides safe and reliable monitoring of toxic or flammable liquids, even in extreme operating conditions.
UWT NivoCapa® NC 8100
A capacitive level switch designed for point level detection in aggressive or conductive liquids. Its Teflon-coated probe resists chemical corrosion, making it suitable for overfill protection and leak detection in chemical and fuel storage tanks.
In-Situ Rugged TROLL 200
Provides vented pressure-based level measurement in underground or aboveground fuel and chemical storage tanks. Its compact design and rugged construction make it ideal for long-term monitoring in remote locations or secondary containment systems.
J.M. Canty Vector System
Combining camera-based level detection with internal lighting and image processing, this system delivers real-time visualization of liquid levels in sealed or pressurized chemical tanks. It is ideal for interface level monitoring, especially in systems with foam, vapor, or layered liquids.
SOR 805PT Smart Pressure Transmitter
Provides highly accurate hydrostatic level readings in vented or sealed chemical storage tanks. With built-in diagnostics and HART communication, it’s ideal for integration into control systems for inventory and safety monitoring.
UWT NivoRadar® NR 4000
A compact, non-contact 80 GHz radar level transmitter that performs exceptionally well in narrow or tall tanks. It penetrates vapor and foam layers, making it reliable for volatile liquids like solvents, fuels, and reactive chemicals.
In-Situ Level TROLL 700
Offers high-resolution level and pressure measurements with corrosion-resistant materials suitable for aggressive chemical environments. Ideal for permanent installation in chemical storage systems requiring compliance with EPA or EPA-like monitoring.
J.M. Canty FuseView™ Sight Glass + Camera System
Combines a high-pressure sight glass and integrated camera system for viewing and verifying liquid levels inside sealed vessels. It’s especially useful for visual confirmation in hazardous chemical applications where traditional sensors may be insufficient.
Agricultural Irrigation & Fertilizer Systems
Level measurement in agricultural irrigation and fertilizer systems is essential for managing water usage, monitoring storage tanks, and ensuring accurate dosing of fertilizers and liquid nutrients. These applications often involve remote or outdoor tanks exposed to weather, dust, vibration, and material buildup. Liquids can be viscous, corrosive, or mixed with solids, and tanks may lack power or signal infrastructure. The importance of instrumentation lies in automating irrigation cycles, preventing overflows or dry runs, and optimizing resource efficiency—especially critical in regions facing water scarcity or strict environmental regulations.
Recommended Products for Agricultural Irrigation & Fertilizer Systems
UWT NivoCapa® NC 8000
A robust, Teflon-coated capacitive level switch designed for corrosive liquid fertilizers and suspended solids. Ideal for use in poly tanks and blending systems, it provides maintenance-free operation in outdoor and agricultural environments.
SOR 705 Pressure Transmitter
This compact pressure-based level transmitter offers a cost-effective solution for level measurement in water towers, chemical injection tanks, and pump-fed irrigation systems. It’s built for durability in rugged field conditions.
In-Situ Rugged TROLL 100
A submersible, non-vented level sensor used for basic water level monitoring in remote irrigation ponds, canals, or holding tanks. Its low-power design and long battery life make it perfect for rural agricultural setups with limited infrastructure.
J.M. Canty Fiber Optic Lighting System
This lighting system is often paired with Canty cameras in enclosed or opaque tanks. It allows for clear internal visibility, helping farmers and operators visually confirm levels, stratification, or foam presence in fertigation systems.
UWT Capanivo® CN 7000
This compact capacitive level switch is ideal for point-level detection in fertilizer mixing tanks and irrigation feed containers. It offers reliable switching even with sticky or aggressive liquids and can be mounted in tight spaces.
SOR 815DT Smart Differential Pressure Transmitter
Perfect for monitoring the level of liquid fertilizers in closed or pressurized tanks. With built-in temperature and pressure compensation, it ensures accurate measurements in outdoor conditions where temperature swings are common.
In-Situ Level TROLL 400
A durable vented pressure sensor used to monitor water levels in storage reservoirs, irrigation ponds, or fertigation tanks. It's battery-powered and can operate autonomously in off-grid agricultural settings.
Food & Beverage Processing
Level measurement and control in food and beverage processing is essential for maintaining product quality, hygiene, and regulatory compliance. From fermentation and blending tanks to CIP (Clean-In-Place) systems and ingredient storage, instrumentation must meet strict sanitary requirements, often requiring FDA-compliant materials and hygienic design. The presence of foam, agitators, steam, and varying viscosities introduces complexity, while frequent cleaning cycles demand robust, easy-to-clean sensors. Accurate level monitoring ensures efficient batching, minimizes waste, prevents overflows, and supports full traceability in highly regulated production environments.
Recommended Products for Food & Beverage Processing
UWT NivoCapa® NC 8100
This hygienic capacitive level switch is designed for use in food-grade tanks containing milk, syrups, or juices. The smooth, PFA-coated probe resists buildup and allows for precise switching even with foaming or sticky media, and it is CIP/SIP compatible.
SOR 815DT Smart Differential Pressure Transmitter (Sanitary Version)
Ideal for measuring level in pressurized blending or fermentation tanks. It features sanitary process connections and advanced temperature compensation, making it suitable for dairy, brewing, and soft drink applications.
In-Situ Aqua TROLL 500 (with sanitary housing)
While commonly used in water quality applications, it can also monitor ingredient or process water levels in systems where regulatory oversight of water usage is required. Optional telemetry enables remote visibility and logging in modern, automated food plants.
J.M. Canty CIP/SIP-Compliant Vision System
Provides real-time imaging inside process vessels, helping operators monitor fill level, foam presence, or interface between liquids and solids. It’s ideal for fermenters, sauce kettles, or tanks where clarity and hygienic design are critical.
UWT Vibranivo® VN 4020 (Food-Grade Version)
A vibrating rod level switch built for use in powdered or granular food products such as flour, sugar, or starch. Its stainless-steel construction and polished surface meet hygienic design standards and resist material buildup during batch processing.
SOR 705 Smart Pressure Transmitter (Tri-Clamp Mount)
This compact pressure transmitter can be adapted for hydrostatic level measurement in small processing tanks. The Tri-Clamp version meets 3-A sanitary standards and is well-suited for dairy and beverage mixing applications.
In-Situ Level TROLL 700
Used for tracking levels in large-scale ingredient water tanks or waste handling processes in food plants. Its durable body and high-resolution data output make it suitable for compliance and efficiency optimization in food-grade operations.
Mining & Mineral Processing
Mining and mineral processing operations rely on precise level measurement to manage bulk materials, slurry flow, and process water at various stages—from ore storage and crushing to flotation, leaching, and tailings management. These environments are harsh, with high dust, vibration, abrasive materials, and extreme temperature swings. Slurries with high solid content and foaming surfaces present added challenges for traditional sensors. Reliable instrumentation is essential to control material flow, prevent blockages or overflows, reduce downtime, and comply with safety and environmental regulations related to water use and containment.
Recommended Products for Mining & Mineral Processing
UWT NivoBob® NB 3300
An electromechanical plumb bob sensor ideal for continuous level measurement of dry bulk solids such as ore, crushed stone, or cement in large silos. It performs reliably in dusty and abrasive environments where radar and ultrasonic may struggle.
SOR 1100 Series Magnetic Level Indicator (MLI)
Designed for harsh applications, this MLI provides highly visible and accurate level indication in process tanks and separators. Optional transmitters and switches enable remote monitoring and control of corrosive or high-pressure fluids common in mineral refining.
In-Situ Rugged TROLL 200
This pressure-based level sensor is frequently used for monitoring water levels in tailings ponds, leach pads, or groundwater protection wells. It withstands dirty, chemically aggressive water and provides long-term data collection in remote mining sites.
J.M. Canty Slurry Vision System
Engineered for use in flotation cells, thickeners, and interface monitoring between slurry and liquid. It uses high-resolution imaging to detect foam, stratified layers, and suspended solids—improving process efficiency and product recovery.
Power Generation & Utility Systems
Level measurement in power generation and utility systems plays a critical role in maintaining safe and efficient operation of boilers, condensate tanks, feedwater heaters, fuel storage vessels, and cooling systems. These applications present demanding conditions, including high temperatures and pressures, corrosive media, and fluctuating flow rates. In steam-driven plants, for example, accurate level control in boiler drums and deaerators is essential to avoid equipment damage or shutdowns. Precise, real-time monitoring helps optimize system performance, supports regulatory compliance with emissions and environmental standards, and ensures reliable delivery of power and utility services.
Recommended Products for Power Generation & Utility Systems
SOR 1100 Series Magnetic Level Indicator (MLI)
A proven solution for visual and remote level monitoring in high-pressure steam drums, feedwater heaters, and condensate tanks. Built for elevated temperature and pressure applications, this MLI can be paired with redundant transmitters and switches for enhanced system safety.
UWT NivoGuide® NG 3000
This guided wave radar transmitter offers high-accuracy continuous level measurement for demanding applications like boiler feedwater or condensate tanks. Its compact design and ability to ignore foam and vapor make it ideal for closed-loop utility systems.
In-Situ Level TROLL 700
Used for tracking utility water levels, including cooling towers, discharge basins, and chemical feed systems. With high-resolution pressure data and robust construction, it’s suitable for integration into smart power plant monitoring and water conservation initiatives.
J.M. Canty FuseView™ + Explosion Proof Camera System
Provides real-time visual inspection of level and process conditions inside sealed tanks or pressurized vessels. Perfect for fuel oil storage or chemical dosing tanks, where safety and visual confirmation are equally critical.
Stormwater, Environmental, & Coastal Monitoring
Level measurement in stormwater, environmental, and coastal monitoring applications is vital for flood prevention, groundwater protection, watershed management, and climate resilience initiatives. These systems are typically located in remote, unmanned, or rugged environments such as flood control channels, retention ponds, coastal estuaries, or storm drain systems. Challenges include fluctuating water levels, debris, biofouling, limited power infrastructure, and exposure to extreme weather. Accurate, long-term data collection is essential for regulatory reporting (e.g., EPA, state stormwater permits), early warning systems, and infrastructure planning in both urban and rural settings.
Recommended Products for Stormwater, Environmental, & Coastal Monitoring
In-Situ Rugged TROLL 200
Designed for harsh field conditions, this non-vented pressure sensor is ideal for monitoring water levels in flood zones, storm drains, and detention basins. Its long-lasting battery and durable housing support remote deployment for seasonal or year-round monitoring.
UWT NivoRadar® NR 3100
A compact non-contact radar sensor suitable for open-channel flow or stormwater holding tanks. It provides accurate level data even in extreme weather, making it an excellent choice for outdoor installations where debris or foam might interfere with other technologies.
SOR 805PT Pressure Transmitter
This rugged, sealed sensor is well-suited for submersible applications in wet wells, waterway monitoring, and containment ponds. With a corrosion-resistant body and precise output, it integrates seamlessly into telemetry systems for continuous water level tracking.
J.M. Canty Outdoor Vision System
Deployed in specialized applications such as culvert inspection, surface water level imaging, or clarity observation in tide-affected zones. It supports real-time visualization to validate sensor data and can aid in verifying overflow conditions or debris blockages.
Renewable Energy (Biogas, Solar Thermal, Biofuels)
Level measurement plays a key role in renewable energy systems, including biogas digestion, solar thermal storage, and biofuel production. These applications often involve aggressive or corrosive media, extreme temperatures, and multi-phase mixtures (e.g., gas, liquid, foam, and solids). In biogas facilities, sensors must handle slurry, scum layers, and foaming digesters. In solar thermal systems, level monitoring of molten salt or thermal fluids is critical to safe energy storage. Biofuel plants require level control in chemical mixing and storage tanks. Reliable level instrumentation helps operators optimize production efficiency, maintain system safety, and meet environmental and sustainability standards.
Recommended Products for Renewable Energy Applications
UWT NivoGuide® NG 8000
A guided wave radar transmitter that excels in challenging media such as digester slurry, molasses, or emulsified biofuel layers. It provides reliable, continuous measurement even in sticky or stratified mixtures, with high resistance to buildup and temperature.
SOR 1100 Series Magnetic Level Indicator (MLI)
Used in thermal energy storage tanks or biofuel chemical tanks where high temperatures and hazardous conditions are present. The MLI offers safe, visual level indication and can be equipped with switches and transmitters for full system integration.
In-Situ Level TROLL 700
A robust submersible pressure sensor ideal for monitoring condensate tanks, wastewater byproducts, or reactor feed tanks in biogas and biofuel systems. Its durable construction handles aggressive fluids and supports data logging for system performance tracking.
J.M. Canty Slurry Vision System
Designed to visually monitor the interface and foam layers in anaerobic digesters, fermenters, or reaction vessels. It enables operators to optimize mixing, detect gas buildup, and verify levels where traditional sensors may fail due to foam or low dielectric media.
Terms & Definitions
Understanding level measurement starts with the right terminology. Below are commonly used terms in the world of level sensing and control:
Accuracy:
The degree to which the measured value conforms to the actual level. Often expressed as a percentage of the span.
Calibration:
The process of setting or adjusting a level measurement device to ensure its output accurately reflects the true level. Calibration accounts for factors like sensor drift, installation variances, and environmental conditions.
Dead Band (Blanking Distance):
A zone near the sensor in which level cannot be measured accurately due to signal interference or design limitations.
Density:
Mass per unit volume of a material. Plays a role in pressure and float-based level measurement techniques.
Dielectric Constant (Relative Permittivity):
A material property affecting how radar or capacitance signals travel through it. Critical in radar and capacitance measurement accuracy.
Echo Loss:
In radar and ultrasonic systems, this refers to the loss of signal reflection caused by foam, turbulence, or low dielectric materials.
Hazardous Location (HazLoc):
An area with potential explosion risks due to flammable gases, vapors, or dust—requires certified sensors (e.g., ATEX, IECEx, FM).
Interface (in level measurement):
The boundary between two different materials, such as oil and water, which have different densities.
Mounting Orientation:
The physical positioning of a sensor (top-mounted, side-mounted, bottom-mounted), which affects installation and signal performance.
Repeatability:
The sensor's ability to produce consistent results under the same conditions over repeated measurements.
Resolution:
The smallest detectable change in level that a sensor can measure.
Response Time:
The amount of time it takes for a level sensor to respond to a change in level.
Span:
The range between the minimum and maximum levels a measurement device is calibrated to measure.
Turbulence:
Unstable or mixed material surface behavior that can cause signal scattering or inaccuracies in level reading.
Vapor Space:
The area in a tank above the liquid or material, which may contain vapors or gases that affect some measurement technologies.
Zero Point:
The reference level at which the device starts measuring (often the bottom of a tank or vessel).
Technologies
Continuous Level Measurement
Liquid-Liquid Interface Level
Liquid-Solid Interface Level
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