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Ultrasonic Sound Speeds

Illustration animation of ultrasonic sound speed showing a submarine emitting  a signal near a dolphin wearing a lab coat who shares that ultrasonic sound travels faster in water than in air.

​Ultrasonic Sound Speeds in Solids

The values in this table are critical for configuring and interpreting ultrasonic measurements in solid materials. Whether you're dealing with carbon steel in pipeline systems, stainless steel in cleanroom infrastructure, or specialized alloys like Inconel in high-temperature environments, knowing the accurate sound velocity helps ensure correct flow measurement and thickness gauging.

Ultrasonic flowmeters and thickness gauges rely on these nominal sound speeds to calculate transit time and determine material boundaries. Products such as the Panametrics PT900 portable flowmeter or fixed systems like the DigitalFlow XMT1000 utilize these solid material profiles when measuring flow in lined pipes, pipe walls, or tank structures.

If your application involves clamp-on ultrasonic sensors or non-intrusive flow measurement across metal or plastic surfaces, referencing these material-specific sound velocities will help ensure precision in both calibration and long-term monitoring.

*These values are nominal. Solids may be inhomogeneous and anisotropic. Actual values depend on exact composition, temperature, and to a lesser extent, on pressure or stress.
Shear Wave*Shear Wave*Long Wave*Long Wave*
Materialm/sft/smm/µsin./µs
Steel, 1% Carbon, hardened3150103355.880.2315
Carbon Steel3230105985.890.2319
Mild Steel3235106145.890.2319
Steel, 1% Carbon322010565
302 Stainless Steel3120102365.690.224
303 Stainless Steel3120102365.640.222
304 Stainless Steel3141103065.920.233
304L Stainless Steel3070100735.790.228
316 Stainless Steel3272107355.720.225
347 Stainless Steel3095105125.720.225
Aluminum3100101716.320.2488
Aluminum (rolled)30409974
Copper226074154.660.1835
Copper (annealed)23257628
Copper (rolled)22707448
CuNi (70%Cu 30%Ni)254083345.030.198
CuNi (90%Cu 10%Ni)206067594.010.1579
Brass (Naval)212069234.430.1744
Gold (hard-drawn)120039373.240.1276
Inconel302099095.820.2291
Iron (electrolytic)3240106305.90.2323
Iron (Armco)3240106305.90.2323
Ductile Iron30009843
Cast Iron250082034.550.1791
Monel272089245.350.2106
Nickel296097125.630.2217
Tin, rolled167054793.320.1307
Titanium3125102536.10.2402
Tungsten, annealed289094825.180.2039
Tungsten, drawn26408661
Tungsten, carbide398013058
Zinc, rolled244080054.170.1642
Glass, Pyrex3280107615.610.2209
Glass, heavy silicate flint23807808
Glass, light borate crown284093185.260.2071
Nylon115037722.40.0945
Nylon, 6-610703510
Polyethylene (HD)2.310.0909
Polyethylene (LD)54017721.940.0764
PVC, CPVC106034772.40.0945
Acrylic143046902.730.1075
Asbestos Cement2.20.0866
Tar Epoxy20.0787
Mortar2.50.0984
Rubber1.90.0748

​Ultrasonic Sound Speeds in Liquids

For ultrasonic measurements in liquid media, accurate knowledge of the sound speed is essential to ensure proper calibration and real-time compensation for temperature, pressure, and composition variations. This is particularly important for non-intrusive flow measurement and liquid identification applications.

The table below includes common process liquids such as water, alcohols, oils, and chemical solvents. These values are often used in conjunction with Panametrics ultrasonic flowmeters and level sensors which automatically adjust for expected sound speed based on media type and conditions.

Whether you're monitoring clean water, hydrocarbons, or more complex chemical mixtures, our ultrasonic instruments—like the AquaTrans AT600 or DigitalFlow GC868—use this baseline data to deliver dependable flow and velocity measurements. For specialty applications, such as custody transfer, wastewater treatment, or chemical dosing, our technical team can assist with configuring the appropriate media-specific sound profiles for your sensors and transmitters.

*All values are nominal and may vary with temperature, pressure, and sample purity. All data given at 25°C (77°F) unless otherwise noted.
SubstanceChemical FormulaSpecific GravitySound Speed (m/s)Sound Speed (ft/s)∆v/°C (m/s/°C)Kinematic Viscosity x10-6 (m²/s)Kinematic Viscosity x10-6 (ft²/s)
Acetic anhydride (22) (CH3CO)2O 1.082 (20°C) 11803871.42.50.7698.274
Acetic acid, anhydride (22) (CH3CO)2O (20°C) 1.082 11803871.42.50.7698.274
Acetic acid, nitrile C2H3N 0.78312904232.34.10.4414.745
Acetic acid, ethyl ester (33) C4H8O2 0.90110853559.74.40.4675.025
Acetic acid, methyl ester C3H6O2 0.93412113973.10.4074.379
Acetone C3H6O 0.79111743851.74.50.3994.293
Acetonitrile C2H3N 0.78312904232.34.10.4414.745
Acetonylacetone C6H10O2 0.72913994589.93.6
Acetylen dichloride C2H2Cl2 1.2610153330.13.80.44.304
Acetylene tetrabromide (47) C2H2Br4 2.96610273369.4
Acetylene tetrachloride (47) C2H2Cl4 1.59511473763.1(15°C) 1.156 (59°F) 12.438
Alcohol C2H6O 0.7891207396041.39615.02
Alkazene-13 C15H24 0.8613174320.93.9
Alkazene-25 C10H12Cl2 1.213074288.13.4
2-AminoethanolC2H7NO 1.01817245656.23.4
2-Aminotolidine (46) C7H9N 0.999 (20°C) 16185308.4(20°C) 4.394 47.279 (68°F)
4-Aminotolidine (46) C7H9N 0.966 (45°C) 14804855.6(50°C) 1.863 20.045 (122°F)
Ammonia (35) NH3 0.7711,729 (-33°C)5,672.6 (-27°F) 6.68(-0.292 33°C) (-3.141 27°F)
Amorphous Polyolefin 0.98962.6 (190°C)3158.2 (374°F) 26600286000
t-Amyl alcohol C5H12O 0.8112043950.14.37447.064
Aminobenzene (41) C6H5NO2 1.02216395377.343.6339.058
Aniline (41) C6H5NO2 1.02216395377.343.6339.058
Argon (45) Ar 1.400 (-188°C)853 (-188°C)2798.6 (-306°F)
Azine C6H5N 0.98214154642.44.10.992 (20°C)10.673 (68°F)
Benzene (29, 40, 41) C6H6 0.87913064284.84.650.7117.65
Benzol (29, 40, 41) C6H6 0.87913064284.84.650.7117.65
Bromine (21) Br2 2.9288892916.730.3233.475
Bromo-benzene (46) C6H5Br 1.5221,170 (20°C)3,838.6 (68°F) 0.6937.456
1-Bromo-butane (46) C4H9Br 1.276 (20°C)1,019 (20°C)3,343.2 (68°F)0.49 (15°C)5.272 (59°F)
Bromo-ethane (46) C2H5Br 1.460 (20°C)900 (20°C)2,952.8 (68°F) 0.2752.959
Bromoform (46, 47) CHBr3 (20°C) 2.89 9183011.83.10.6547.037
n-Butane (2) C4H10 0.601 (0°C)1,085 (-5°C)3,559.7 (23°F) 5.8
2-Butanol C4H10O 0.8112404068.23.33.23934.851
sec-Butylalcohol C4H10O 0.8112404068.23.33.23934.851
n-Butyl bromide (46) C4H9Br 1.276 (20°C)1,019 (20°C)3,343.2 (68°F)0.49 (15°C)5.272 (59°F)
n-Butyl chloride (22, 46) C4H9Cl 0.88711403740.24.570.529 (15°C)5.692 (59°F)
tert Butyl chloride C4H9Cl 0.849843228.34.20.6466.95
Butyl oleate C22H42O2 14044606.33
2, 3 Butylene glycol C4H10O2 1.01914844868.81.51
Cadmium (7) Cd 2,237.7 (400°C)7,341.5 (752°F)1.355cp (440°C)14.579 (824°F)
Carbinol (40, 41) CH4O (20°C) 0.791 10763530.22.920.6957.478
Carbitol C6H14O3 0.98814584783.5
Carbon dioxide (26) CO2 1.101 (-37°C)839 (-37°C)2,752.6 (-35°F) 7.71(-0.137 37°C) (-1.474 35°F)
Carbon disulphide CS2 1.261 (22°C) 11493769.70.2782.991
Carbon tetrachloride (33, 35, 47)CCl4 1.595 (20°C) 9263038.12.480.6076.531
Carbon tetrafluoride (14) (Freon 14) CF4 150°C) 1.75 (- (-875.2 150°C) (-2,871.5 238°F) 6.61
Cetane (23) C16H34 0.773 (20°C) 13384389.83.714.3246.483
Chloro-benezene C6H5Cl 1.10612734176.53.60.7227.768
1-Chloro-butane (22, 46) C4H9Cl 0.88711403740.24.570.529 (15°C)5.692 (59°F)
Chloro-diFluoromethane (3)(Freon 22)CHClF2 1.491 (-69°C)893.9 (-50°C)2,932.7 (-58°F) 4.79
Chloroform (47) CHCl3 1.4899793211.93.40.555.918
1-Chloropropane (47) C3H7Cl 0.89210583471.10.3784.067
Chlorotrifluoromethane (5)CClF3 724 (-82°C)2,375.3 (-116°F) 5.26
Cinnamaldehyde C9H8O 1.11215545098.43.2
Cinnamic aldehyde C9H8O 1.11215545098.43.2
Colamine C2H7NO 1.01817245656.23.4
o-Cresol (46) C7H8O 1.047 (20°C)1,541 (20°C)5,055.8 (68°F)4.29 (40°C)46.16 (104°F)
m-Cresol (46) C7H8O 1.034 (20°C)1,500 (20°C)4,921.3 (68°F)5.979 (40°C)64.334 (104°F)
Cyanomethane C2H3N 0.78312904232.34.10.4414.745
Cyclohexane (15) C6H12 0.779 (20°C) 12484094.55.41(17°C) 1.31 14.095 (63°F)
Cyclohexanol C6H12O 0.96214544770.33.60.071 (17°C)0.764 (63°F)
Cyclohexanone C6H10O 0.94814234668.64
Decane (46) C10H22 0.7312524107.61.26 (20°C)13.55 (68°F)
1-Decene (27) C10H20 0.74612354051.84
n-Decylene (27) C10H20 0.74612354051.84
Diacetyl C4H6O2 0.9912364055.14.6
Diamylamine C10H23N 12564120.73.9
1,2 Dibromoethane (47)C2H4Br2 2.189953264.40.79 (20°C)8.5 (68°F)
trans-1,2- Dibromoethene (47)C2H2Br2 2.2319353067.6
Dibutyl phthalate C8H22O4 14084619.4
Dichloro-t-butyl alcohol C4H8Cl2O 13044278.23.8
2,3 Dichlorodioxane C2H6Cl2O2 13914563.63.7
Dichlorodifluoromethane(3) (Freon 12)CCl2F2 1.516 (40°C) 774.12539.74.24
1,2 Dichloro ethane (47) C2H4Cl2 1.253119339140.616.563
cis1,2-Dichloro-ethene (3, 47) C2H2Cl2 1.28410613481
trans1,2-Dichloro-ethene (3, 47)C2H2Cl2 1.25710103313.6
Dichloro-fluoromethane (3)(Freon 21)CHCl2F 1.426 (0°C)891 (0°C)2,923.2 (32°F) 3.97
1-2-Dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (47) C4Cl2F6 1.6546692194.9
1-3-DichloroisobutaneC4H8Cl2 1.1412204002.63.4
Dichloro methane (3) CH2Cl2 1.32710703510.53.940.313.335
1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2 tetra fluoroethaneCClF2-CClF2 1.455665.3 (-10°C)2,182.7 (14°F) 3.73
Diethyl ether C4H10O 0.7139853231.64.870.3113.346
Diethylene glycol C4H10O3 1.11615865203.42.4
Diethylene glycol, monoethyl etherC6H14O3 0.98814584783.5
Diethylenimide oxide C4H9NO 1144247313.8
1,2-bis(DiFluoramino) butane (43) C4H8(NF2)2 1.21610003280.8
1,2-bis(DiFluor amino)-2-methylpropa ne (43)C4H9(NF2)2 1.2139002952.8
1,2-bis(DiFluor amino) propane (43) C3H6(NF2)2 1.2659603149.6
2,2-bis(DiFluor amino propane (43)C3H6(NF2)2 1.2548902920
2,2-Dihydroxydiethyl etherC4H10O3 1.11615865203.42.4
Dihydroxy ethaneC2H6O2 1.11316585439.62.1
1,3-Dimethylbenzene (46) C8H10 (15°C) 0.868 (20°C) 1,343 4,406.2 (68°F) (15°C) 0.749 (59°F) 8.059
1,2-Dimethylbenzene (29, 46) C8H10 (20°C) 0.897 1331.54368.44.1(20°C) 0.903 (68°F) 9.716
1,4-Dimethylbenzene (46) C8H10 (20°C) 1,334 4,376.6 (68°F) 0.6627.123
2,2-Dimethylbutane (29, 33) C6H14 (20°C) 0.649 10793540
Dimethyl ketone C3H6O 0.79111743851.74.50.3994.293
Dimethyl pentane (47) C7H16 0.67410633487.5
Dimethyl phthalate C8H10O4 1.214634799.9
Diiodo-methane CH2I2 3.2359803215.2
Dioxane C4H8O2 1.03313764514.4
Dodecane (23) C12H26 0.74912794196.23.851.819.368
1,2-Ethanediol C2H6O2 1.11316585439.62.1
Ethanenitrile C2H3N 0.78312904232.30.4414.745
Ethanoic anhydride (22) (CH3CO)2O 1.08211803871.40.7698.274
Ethanol C2H6O 0.7891207396041.3914.956
Ethanol amide C2H7NO 1.01817245656.23.4
Ethoxyethane C4H10O 0.7139853231.64.870.3113.346
Ethyl acetate (33) C4H8O2 0.90110853559.74.40.4895.263
Ethyl alcohol C2H6O 0.7891207396041.39615.02
Ethyl benzene (46) C8H10 0.867 (20°C)1,338 (20°C)4,389.8 (68°F)0.797 (17°C)8.575 (63°F)
Ethyl Bromide (46) C2H5Br 1.461 (20°C)900 (20°C)2,952.8 (68°F)0.275 (20°C)2.959 (68°F)
Ethyliodide (46) C2H5I 1.950 (20°C)876 (20°C)2874 (68°F) 0.293.12
Ether C4H10O 0.7139853231.64.870.3113.346
Ethyl ether C4H10O 0.7139853231.64.870.3113.346
Ethylene bromide (47) C2H4Br2 2.189953264.40.798.5
Ethylene chloride (47) C2H4Cl2 1.253119339140.616.563
Ethylene glycol C2H6O2 1.11316585439.62.117.208 (20°C)185.158 (68°F)
d-Fenochone C10H16O 0.94713204330.70.222.367
d-2- FenechanoneC10H16O 0.94713204330.70.222.367
Fluorine F 0.545 (-143°C)403 (-143°C)1322.2 (-225°F) 11.31
Fluoro-benzene (46) C6H5F 1.024 (20°C) 11893900.9(20°C) 0.584 (68°F) 6.283
Formaldehyde, methyl esterC2H4O2 0.97411273697.54.02
Formamide CH3NO 1.134 (20°C) 16225321.52.22.9131.311
Formic acid, amide CH3NO 1.134 (20°C) 16225321.52.9131.311
Freon R12 774.22540
Furfural C5H4O2 1.15714444737.53.7
Furfuryl alcohol C5H6O2 1.13514504757.23.4
Fural C5H4O2 1.15714444737.53.7
2-Furaldehyde C5H4O2 1.15714444737.53.7
2-Furancarbox aldehydeC5H4O2 1.15714444737.53.7
2-FurylMethanolC5H6O2 1.13514504757.23.4
Gallium Ga 6.0952,870 (30°C)9416 (86°F)
Glycerin C3H8O3 1.2619046246.72.2757.18081.836
Glycerol C3H8O3 1.2619046246.72.2757.18081.836
Glycol C2H6O2 1.11316585439.62.1
50% Glycol / 50% H2O 15785177
Helium (45) He4 0.125 (-269°C )183 (-269°C)600.4 (-452°F) 0.0250.269
Heptane (22, 23) C7H16 0.684 (20°C) 11313710.64.25(20°C) 0.598 (68°F) 6.434
n-Heptane (29, 33) C7H16 (20°C) 0.684 11803871.34
HexachloroCyclopentadiene (47) C5Cl6 1.71811503773
Hexadecane (23) C16H34 0.773 (20°C) 13384389.83.71(20°C) 4.32 46.483 (68°F)
Hexalin C6H12O 0.96214544770.33.670.69 (17°C)760.882 (63°F)
Hexane (16, 22, 23) C6H14 0.65911123648.32.710.4464.798
n-Hexane (29, 33) C6H14 (20°C) 0.649 107935404.53
2,5- HexanedioneC6H10O2 0.72913994589.93.6
n-Hexanol C6H14O 0.81913004265.13.8
Hexahydro benzene (15) C6H12 0.77912484094.55.41(17°C) 1.31 14.095 (63°F)
Hexahydro phenolC6H12O 0.96214544770.33.6
Hexamethylene (15) C6H12 0.77912484094.55.411.31 (17°C)14.095 (63°F)
Hydrogen (45) H2 0.071 (-256°C )1,187 (-256°C)3,894.4 (-429°F)0.003 (-256°C)0.032 (-429°F)
2-Hydroxytoluene (46) C7H8O (20°C) 1.047 (20°C) 1,541 5,055.8 (68°F) (40°C) 4.29 (104°F) 46.16
3-Hydroxytoluene (46)C7H8O 1.034 (20°C)1,500 (20°C)4,921.3 (68°F)5.979 (40°C)64.334 (104°F)
Iodo-benzene (46) C6H5I 1.8231,114 (20°C)3,654.9 (68°F) 0.954
Iodo-ethane (46) C2H5I 1.950 (20°C)876 (20°C)2,874 (68°F) 0.293.12
Iodo-methane CH3I 2.28 (20°C) 9783208.70.2112.27
Isobutyl acetate (22) C6H12O 1,180 (27°C)3,871.4 (81°F) 4.85
Isobutanol C4H10O 0.81 (20°C) 12123976.4
Iso-Butane 1219.84002
Isopentane (36) C5H12 0.62 (20°C) 9803215.24.80.343.658
Isopropanol (46) C3H8O 0.785 (20°C)1,170 (20°C)3,838.6 (68°F) 2.71829.245
Isopropyl alcohol (46) C3H8O 0.785 (20°C)1,170 (20°C)3,838.6 (68°F) 2.71829.245
Kerosene 0.8113244343.83.6
Ketohexa methyleneC6H10O 0.94814234668.64
Lithium fluoride (42) LiF 2,485 (900°C)8,152.9 (1652°F) 1.29
Mercury (45) Hg 13.5941,449 (24°C)4,753.9 (75°F) 0.1141.226
Mesityloxide C6H16O 0.8513104297.9
Methane (25, 28, 38, 39) CH4 (-0.162 89°C) (-89°C) 405 (- 1,328.7 128°F) 17.5
Methanol (40, 41)CH4O 0.791 (20°C) 10763530.22.920.6957.478
Methyl acetate C3H6O2 0.93412113973.10.4074.379
o-Methylaniline (46) C7H9N 0.999 (20°C) 16185308.4(20°C) 4.394 47.279 (68°F)
4-Methylaniline (46) C7H9N 0.966 (45°C) 14804855.6(50°C) 1.863 20.095 (122°F)
Methyl alcohol (40, 44) CH4O 0.791 (20°C) 10763530.22.920.6957.478
Methyl benzene (16, 52) C7H8 0.8671,328 (20°C)4,357 (68°F) 4.270.6447.144
2-Methyl-butane (36) C5H12 0.62 (20°C) 9803215.20.343.658
Methyl carbinol C2H6O 0.7891207396041.396
Methylchloroform (47) C2H3Cl3 1.339853231.6(20°C) 0.902 (68°F) 9.705
Methyl-cyanide C2H3N 0.78312904232.30.4414.745
3-Methyl cyclohexanol C7H14O 0.9214004593.2
Methylene chloride (3) CH2Cl2 1.32710703510.53.940.313.335
Methylene iodide CH2I2 3.2359803215.2
Methyl formate (22) C2H4O2 0.974 (20°C) 11273697.54.02
Methyl iodide CH3I 2.28 (20°C) 9783208.70.2112.27
a-Methyl naphthalene C11H10 1.0915104954.13.7
2-Methylphenol (46) C7H8O 1.047 (20°C)1,541 (20°C)5,055.8 (68°F)4.29 (40°C)46.16 (104°F)
3-Methylphenol (46) C7H8O 1.034 (20°C)1,500 (20°C)4,921.3 (68°F)5.979 (40°C)64.334 (104°F)
Milk, homogenized 15485080
Morpholine C4H9NO 1144247313.8
Naphtha 0.7612254019
Natural Gas (37) 0.316 (-103°C)753 (-103°C)2,470.5 (-153°F)
Neon (45) Ne 1.207 (-246°C )595 (- 246°C)1,952.1 (-411°F)
Nitrobenzene (46) C6H5NO2 1.204 (20°C)1,415 (20°C)4,642.4 (68°F) 1.51416.29
Nitrogen (45) N2 0.808 (-199°C)962 (-199°C)3,156.2 (-326°F)0.217 (-199°C)2.334 (-326°F)
Nitromethane (43) CH3NO2 1.13513004265.140.5495.907
Nonane (23) C9H2O 0.718 (20°C) 120739604.04(20°C) 0.99 (68°F) 10.652
1-Nonene (27) C9H18 0.736 (20°C) 120739604
Octane (23) C8H18 0.70311723845.14.140.737.857
n-Octane (29) C8H18 0.704 (20°C) 1212.539783.50.737.930)
1-Octene (27) C8H16 0.723 (20°C) 1175.53856.64.1
Oil of Camphor Sassafrassy 13904560.43.8
Oil, Car (SAE 20a.30) 1.748702854.31902,045.09 3
Oil, Castor C11H10O10 0.96914774845.83.60.677.209
Oil, Diesel 0.812504101
Oil, Fuel AA gravity 0.99148548723.7
Oil (Lubricating X200) 15305019.9
Oil (Olive) 0.91214314694.92.751001076.365
Oil (Peanut) 0.93614584783.5
Oil (Sperm) 0.8814404724.4
Oil, 6 1,509 (22°C)4,951 (72°F)
2,2-Oxydi ethanolC4H10O3 1.11615865203.42.4
Oxygen (45) O2 1.155 (-186°C)952 (-186°C)3,123.4 (-303°F) 0.1731.861
Pentachloroethane (47) C2HCl5 1.68710823549.9
Pentalin (47) C2HCl5 1.68710823549.9
Pentane (36) C5H12 0.626 (20°C) 10203346.50.3633.905
n-Pentane (47) C5H12 0.55710063300.50.414.413
Perchlorocyclopentadie ne (47) C5Cl6 1.71811503773
Perchloroethylene (47) C2Cl4 1.63210363399
Perfluoro-1- Hepten (47) C7F14 1.675831912.7
Perfluoron-Hexane (47)C6F14 1.6725081666.7
Phene L(29, 40, 41) C6H6 0.87913064284.84.650.7117.65
b-Phenyl acrolein C9H8O 1.11215545098.43.2
Phenylamine (41) C6H5NO2 1.02216395377.343.6339.058
Phenyl bromide (46) C6H5Br 1.5221,170 (20°C) 3,838.6 (68°F)0.6937.456
Phenyl chloride C6H5Cl 1.10612734176.53.60.7227.768
Phenyl iodide (46) C6H5I 1.8231,114 (20°C) 3,654.9 (68°F)0.954 (15°C)10.265 (59°F)
Phenyl methane (16, 52) C7H8 0.867 (20°C)1,328 (20°C)4,357 (68°F) 4.270.6446.929
3-Phenyl propenal C9H8O 1.11215545098.43.2
Phthalardione C8H4O3L 1,125 (152°C)3,691 (306°F)
Phthalic acid, anhydride C8H4O3 1,125 (152°C)3,691 (306°F)
Pthalic anhydride C8H4O3 1,125 (152°C)3,691 (306°F)
Pimelic ketone C6H10O 0.94814234668.64
Plexiglas, Lucite, Acrylic 26518698
Polyterpene Resin 0.771,099.8 (190°C)3,608.4 (374°F) 39000419500
Potassium bromide (42) KBr 1,169 (900°C)3,835.3 (1652°F) 0.71(900°C) .715cp (1652°F) 7.693
Potassium fluoride (42) KF 1,792 (900°C)5,879.3 (1652°F) 1.03
Potassium iodide (42) KI 985 (900°C)3,231.6 (1652°F) 0.64
Potassium nitrate (48) KNO3 1.859 (352°C)1,740.1 (352°C)5,709 (666°F) 1.1(327°C) 1.19 (621°F) 12.804
Propane (2, 13) (-45° to -130°C)C3H8 0.585 (-45°C)1,003 (-45°C)3,290.6 (-49°F) 5.7
1,2,3- PropanetriolC3H8O3 1.2619046246.72.20.000757
1-Propanol (46) C3H8O 0.78 (20°C)1,222 (20°C)4,009.2 (68°F)
2-Propanol (46) C3H8O 0.785 (20°C)1,170 (20°C)3,838.6 (68°F) 2.71829.245
2-Propanone C3H6O 0.79111743851.74.50.3994.293
Propene (17, 18, 35) C3H6 (- 0.563 13°C) (-963 13°C) 3,159.4 (9°F) 6.32
n-Propyl acetate (22) C5H10O2 1,280 (2°C)4,199 (36°F) 4.63
n-Propyl-alcohol C3H8O 0.78 (20°C)1,222 (20°C)4,009.2 (68°F) 2.54927.427
Propylchloride (47) C3H7Cl 0.89210583471.10.3784.067
Propylene (17, 18, 35) C3H6 (- 0.563 13°C) (-963 13°C) (3159.4) (9°F) 6.32
Pyridine C6H5N 0.98214154642.44.10.992 (20°C)10.673 (68°F)
Refrigerant 11 (3, 4) CCl3F 1.49828.3 (0°C)2,717.5 (32°F) 3.56
Refrigerant 12 (3) CCl2F2 1.516 (-40°C)774.1 (-40°C)2,539.7 (-40°F) 4.24
Refrigerant 14 (14) CF4 1.75 (- 150°C)875.24 (-150°C)2,871.5 (-238°F) 6.61
Refrigerant 21 (3) CHCl2F 1.426 (0°C)891 (0°C)2,923.2 (32°F) 3.97
Refrigerant 22 (3) CHClF2 1.491 (-69°C)893.9 (50°C)2,932.7 (122°F) 4.79
Refrigerant 113 (3) CCl2F-CClF2 1.563783.7 (0°C)2,571.2 (32°F) 3.44
Refrigerant 114 (3) CClF2-CClF2 1.455665.3 (-10°C)2,182.7 (14°F) 3.73
Refrigerant 115 (3) C2ClF5 656.4 (-50°C)2,153.5 (-58°F) 4.42
Refrigerant C318 (3) C4F8 1.62 (-20°C)574 (-10°C)1,883.2 (14°F) 3.88
Selenium (8) Se 1,072 (250°C)3,517.1 (482°F) 0.68
Silicone (30 cp) 0.993990324830322.8
Sodium fluoride (42) NaF 0.8772,082 (1000°C)6,830.7 (1832°F) 1.32
Sodium nitrate (48) NaNO3 1.884 (336°C)1,763.3 (336°C)5,785.1 (637°F) 0.74(336°C) 1.37 (637°F) 14.74
Sodium nitrite (48) NaNO2 1.805 (292°C)1,876.8 (292°C)6,157.5 (558°F)
Solvesso #3 0.87713704494.83.7
Spirit of wine C2H6O 0.7891207396041.39615.02
Sulfur (7, 8, 10) S 1,177 (250°C)3,861.5 (482°F) -1.13
Sulfuric Acid (1) H2SO4 1.8411257.641261.4311.16120.081
Tellurium (7) Te 991 (450°C)3,251.3 (842°F) 0.73
1,1,2,2-Tetra bromoethane (47) C2H2Br4 2.96610273369.4
1,1,2,2-Tetra chloro-ethane (67)C2H2Cl4 1.59511473763.11.156 (15°C)12.438 (59°F)
Tetrachloro ethane (46) C2H2Cl4 (20°C) 1.553 (20°C) 1,170 3,838.6 (68°F) 1.1912.804
Tetrachloroethene (47) C2Cl4 1.63210363399
TetrachloroMethane (33, 47)CCl4 1.595 (20°C) 9263038.10.6076.531
Tetradecane (46) C14H3O 0.763 (20°C)1,331 (20°C)4,366.8 (68°F)2.86 (20°C)30.773 (68°F)
Tetraethylene glycol C8H18O5 1.12315865203.43
Tetrafluoromethane (14) (Freon 14)CF4 1.75 (- 150°C)875.24 (-150°C)2,871.5 (-238°F) 6.61
Tetrahydro-1,4- isoxazineC4H9NO 1144247313.8
Toluene (16, 52) C7H8 0.867 (20°C)1,328 (20°C)4,357 (68°F) 4.270.6446.929
o-Toluidine (46) C7H9N 0.999 (20°C) 16185308.4(20°C) 4.394 47.279 (68°F)
p-Toluidine (46) C7H9N 0.966 (45°C) 14804855.6(50°C) 1.863 (122°F) 20.053
Toluol C7H8 0.86613084291.34.20.586.24
Tribromomethane (46, 47)CHBr3 2.89 (20°C) 9183011.80.6547.037
1,1,1-Trichloro-ethane (47) C2H3Cl3 1.339853231.6(20°C) 0.902 (68°F) 9.705
Trichloro-ethene (47) C2HCl3 1.46410283372.7
Trichloro-fluoromethane (3)(Freon 11)CCl3F 1.49828.3 (0°C)2,717.5 (32°F) 3.56
Trichloromethane (47) CHCl3 1.4899793211.93.40.555.918
1,1,2-Trichloro- 1,2,2-Trifluoro-EthaneCCl2F-CClF2 1.563783.7 (0°C)2,571.2 (32°F)
Triethyl-amine (33) C6H15N 0.72611233684.44.47
Triethylene glycol C6H14O4 1.12316085275.63.8
1,1,1-Trifluoro- 2-Chloro-2- Bromo-EthaneC2HClBrF3 1.8696932273.6
1,2,2-Trifluoro trichloro- ethane (Freon 113)CCl2F-CClF2 1.563783.7 (0°C)2,571.2 (32°F) 3.44
d-1,3,3-Tri methylnor camphorC10H16O 0.94713204330.70.222.367
Trinitrotoluene (43) C7H5(NO2)3 1.641,610 (81°C)5,282.2 (178°F)
Turpentine 0.8812554117.51.415.064
Unisis 800 0.8713464416
Water, distilled (49, 50) H2O 0.99614984914.7-2.4110.76
Water, heavy D2O 14004593
Water, sea 1.02515315023-2.4110.76
Wood Alcohol (40, 41) CH4O 0.791 (20°C) 10763530.22.920.6957.478
Xenon (45) Xe 630 (-109°C)2,067 (-164°F)
m-Xylene (46) C8H10 0.868 (15°C)1,343 (20°C)4,406.2 (68°F)0.749 (15°C)8.059 (59°F)
o-Xylene (29, 46) C8H10 (20°C) 0.897 1331.54368.44.1(20°C) 0.903 (68°F) 9.716
p-Xylene (46) C8H10 1,334 (20°C)4,376.6 (68°F) 0.6627.123
Xylene hexafluoride C8H4F6 1.378792883.90.6136.595
Zinc (7) Zn 3,298 (450°C)10,820.2 (842°F)

​Ultrasonic Sound Speeds in Water at Selected Temperatures

*Sound speeds in water vary with temperature. All values are approximate.
Water Temperature (°C)Water Temperature (°F)Sound Speed (m/s)Sound Speed (ft/s)
0.032.01402.04600.0
1.033.81407.04616.0
2.035.61412.04633.0
3.037.41417.04649.0
4.039.21421.04662.0
5.041.01426.04679.0
6.042.81430.04692.0
7.044.61434.04705.0
8.046.41439.04721.0
9.048.21443.04734.0
10.050.01447.04748.0
11.051.81451.04761.0
12.053.61455.04774.0
13.055.41458.04784.0
14.057.21462.04797.0
15.059.01465.04807.0
16.060.81469.04820.0
17.062.61472.04830.0
18.064.41476.04843.0
19.066.21479.04853.0
20.068.01482.04862.0
21.069.81485.04872.0
22.071.61488.04882.0
23.073.41491.04892.0
24.075.21493.04899.0
25.077.01496.04908.0
26.078.81499.04918.0
27.080.61501.04925.0
28.082.41504.04935.0
29.084.21506.04941.0
30.086.01509.04951.0
31.087.81511.04958.0
32.089.61513.04964.0
33.091.41515.04971.0
34.093.21517.04977.0
35.095.01519.04984.0
36.096.81521.04990.0
37.098.61523.04997.0
38.0100.41525.05004.0
39.0102.21527.05010.0
40.0104.01528.05013.0
41.0105.81530.05020.0
42.0107.61532.05026.0
43.0109.41534.05033.0
44.0111.21535.05036.0
45.0113.01536.05040.0
46.0114.81538.05046.0
47.0116.61539.05049.0
48.0118.41540.05053.0
49.0120.21541.05056.0
50.0122.01543.05063.0
51.0123.81543.05063.0
52.0125.61544.05066.0
53.0127.41545.05069.0
54.0129.21546.05072.0
55.0131.01547.05076.0
56.0132.81548.05079.0
57.0134.61548.05079.0
58.0136.41549.05082.0
59.0138.21550.05086.0
60.0140.01550.05086.0
61.0141.81551.05089.0
62.0143.61552.05092.0
63.0145.41552.05092.0
64.0147.21553.05095.0
65.0149.01553.05095.0
66.0150.81553.05095.0
67.0152.61554.05099.0
68.0154.41554.05099.0
69.0156.21554.05099.0
70.0158.01554.05099.0
71.0159.81554.05099.0
72.0161.61555.05102.0
73.0163.41555.05102.0
74.0165.21555.05102.0
75.0167.01555.05102.0
76.0168.81555.05102.0
77.0170.61554.05099.0
78.0172.41554.05099.0
79.0174.21554.05099.0
80.0176.01554.05099.0
81.0177.81554.05099.0
82.0179.61553.05095.0
83.0181.41553.05095.0
84.0183.21553.05095.0
85.0185.01552.05092.0
86.0186.81552.05092.0
87.0188.61552.05092.0
88.0190.41551.05089.0
89.0192.21551.05089.0
90.0194.01550.05086.0
91.0195.81549.05082.0
92.0197.61549.05082.0
93.0199.41548.05079.0
94.0201.21547.05076.0
95.0203.01547.05076.0
96.0204.81546.05072.0
97.0206.61545.05069.0
98.0208.41544.05066.0
99.0210.21543.05063.0
100.0212.01543.05063.0
104.0220.01538.05046.0
110.0230.01532.05026.0
116.0240.01524.05000.0
121.0250.01526.05007.0
127.0260.01507.04944.0
132.0270.01497.04912.0
138.0280.01487.04879.0
143.0290.01476.04843.0
149.0300.01465.04807.0
154.0310.01453.04767.0
160.0320.01440.04725.0
166.0330.01426.04679.0
171.0340.01412.04633.0
177.0350.01398.04587.0
182.0360.01383.04538.0
188.0370.01368.04488.0
193.0380.01353.04439.0
199.0390.01337.04387.0
204.0400.01320.04331.0
210.0410.01302.04272.0
216.0420.01283.04210.0
221.0430.01264.04147.0
227.0440.01244.04082.0
232.0450.01220.04003.0
238.0460.01200.03937.0
243.0470.01180.03872.0
249.0480.01160.03806.0
254.0490.01140.03740.0
260.0500.01110.03642.0